Java
operators are symbols that is used to perform mathematical or logical
manipulations. Java is rich with built-in operators.
There are many
types of operators available in Java such as:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Miscellnous Operators.
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in
mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The
following table lists the arithmetic operators:
Operator
Description
+ Addition
*
Multiplication
– Subtraction
(also unary minus)
/
Division
% Modulus
++ Increment
+=
Addition assignment
–=
Subtraction assignment
*=
Multiplication assignment
/= Division
assignment
%=
Modulus assignment
–
– Decrement
Example
:
// Demonstrate the basic arithmetic
operators.
class BasicMath
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// arithmetic using integers
System.out.println("Integer
Arithmetic");
int a = 1 + 1;
int b = a * 3;
int c = b / 4;
int d = c - a;
int e = -d;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
System.out.println("d = " + d);
System.out.println("e = " + e);
// arithmetic using doubles
System.out.println("\nFloating Point
Arithmetic");
double da = 1 + 1;
double db = da * 3;
double dc = db / 4;
double dd = dc - a;
double de = -dd;
System.out.println("da = " +
da);
System.out.println("db = " +
db);
System.out.println("dc = " +
dc);
System.out.println("dd = " +
dd);
System.out.println("de = " +
de);
}
}
Relational Operators
The relational operators determine
the relationship that one operand has to the other.
Specifically,
they determine equality and ordering. The relational operators are shown here:
Operator
|
Description
|
==
|
Is equal to
|
!=
|
Is not equal to
|
>
|
Greater than
|
<
|
Less than
|
>=
|
Greater than or equal to
|
<=
|
Less than or equal to
|
Logical Operators
The Boolean logical operators shown here
operate only on boolean operands.
All of the binary logical
operators combine two boolean values to form a resultant boolean value.
Operator
Result
& Logical AND
| Logical OR
^ Logical XOR (exclusive OR)
||
Short-circuit OR
&& Short-circuit
AND
! Logical unary NOT
&= AND
assignment
|= OR assignment
^= XOR
assignment
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
?: Ternary if-then-else
Example :
//
Demonstrate the boolean logical operators.
class
BoolLogic
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
boolean c = a | b;
boolean d = a & b;
boolean e = a ^ b;
boolean f = (!a & b) | (a & !b);
boolean g = !a;
System.out.println(" a = " + a);
System.out.println(" b = " + b);
System.out.println(" a|b = " + c);
System.out.println(" a&b = " + d);
System.out.println(" a^b = " + e);
System.out.println("!a&b|a&!b = " + f);
System.out.println(" !a = " + g);
}
Bitwise Operators
Operator
|
Description
|
||
<<
|
Binary
Left Shift Operator
|
||
>>
|
Binary
Right Shift Operator
|
||
>>>
|
Shift right
zero fill operator
|
||
~
|
Binary
Ones Complement Operator
|
||
&
|
Binary
AND Operator
|
||
^
|
Binary
XOR Operator
|
||
|
|
Binary OR
Operator
|
Assignment Operators
Assignment
operator supported by Java are as follows:
Operator
|
Description
|
|
=
|
assigns values from right side operands
to left side operand
|
|
+=
|
adds right operand to the left operand
and assign the result to left
|
|
-=
|
subtracts right operand from the left
operand and assign the result to left operand
|
|
*=
|
mutiply left operand with the right
operand and assign the result to left operand
|
|
/=
|
divides left operand with the right
operand and assign the result to left operand
|
|
%=
|
calculate modulus using two operands
and assign the result to left operand.
|
Miscellaneous Operators
There are few other operators supported by Java Language.
Conditional Operator ( ? : )
Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This
operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean
expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide, which value should be
assigned to the variable. The operator is written as −
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
Following is an example −
Example
public class Test
{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}
Precedence of Java Operators
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an
expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain
operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the
multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator
−
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because
operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied
with 3 * 2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the
table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression,
higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
